The effects of global warming by region

A further IPCC report on predicted effects of global warming by geographical regions has been released in November 2007. This report does confirm the cause and effects of climate change, which have already been know for years. IPCC also basically confirm their projections about likely regional effects of global warming as in their report of April 2007.

Further below we summarize the effects of climate change by geographical area (Africa, Asia, Australia and New Zealand, Europe, Latin America, North America, Polar regions, small islands). Source of data is the summary for policymakers of the report "Climate Change 2007" provided by IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change).

Effects of climate change on Africa

• By 2020, between 75 and 250 million of people are projected to be exposed to increased water stress due to climate change
• By 2020, in some countries, yields from rain-fed agriculture could be reduced by up to 50%. Agricultural production, including access to food, in many African countries is projected to be severely compromised. This would further diversely affect food security and exacerbate malnutrition
• Towards the end of the 21st century, projected sea-level rise will affect low-lying coastal areas with large populations.
• The cost of adaptation could amount to at least 5-10% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
• By 2080, an increase of 5-8% of arid and semi-arid land in Africa is projected under a range of climate scenarios.

Effects of climate change on Asia

• By the 2050s, freshwater availability in Central, South, East and South-EastAsia, particularly in large river basins, is projected to decrease
• Coastal areas, especially heavily-populated megadelta regions in South, East and South-East Asia, will be at greatest risk due to increased flooding from the sea and, in some megadeltas, flooding from the rivers
• Climate change is projected to compound the pressures on natural resources and the environment, associated with rapid urbanization, industrialization and economic development
• Endemic morbidity and mortality due to diarrhoeal disease primarily associated with floods and droughts are expected to rise in East, South and South-East Asia due to projected changes in the hydrological cycle

Effects of climate change on Australia and New Zealand

• By 2020, significant loss of biodiversity is projected to occur in some ecologically rich sites including the Great Barrier Reef and Queensland Wet Tropics
• By 2030, water security problems are projected to intensify in southern and eastern Australia and, in New Zealand, in northland and some eastern regions
• By 2030, production from agriculture and forestry is projected to decline over much of southern and eastern Australia, and over parts of eastern New Zealand, due to increased drought and fire. However, in New Zealand, initial benefits are projected in some other regions
• By 2050, ongoing coastal development and population growth in some areas of Australia and New Zealand are projected to exacerbate risks from sea level rise and increases in the severity and frequency of storms and coastal flooding

Effects of climate change on Europe

• Climate change is expected to magnify regional differences in Europe’s natural resources and assets. Negative impacts will include increased risk of inland flash floods, and more frequent coastal flooding and increased erosion due to storminess and sea-level rise)
• Mountainous areas will face glacier retreat, reduced snow cover and winter tourism, and extensive species losses (in ome areas up to 60% under high emissions scenarios by 2080)
• In Southern Europe, climate change is projected to worsen conditions (high temperatures and drought) in a region already vulnerable to climate variability, and to reduce water availability, hydropower potential, summer tourism and, in general, crop productivity
• Climate change is also projected to increase the health risks due to heat-waves, and the frequency of wildfires

Effects of climate change on Latin America

• By mid century, increases in temperature and associated decreases in soil water are projected to lead to gradual replacement of tropical forest by savanna in eastern Amazonia. Semi-arid vegetation will tend to be replaced by aridland vegetation
• There is a risk of significant biodiversity loss through species extinction in many areas of tropical Latin America
• Productivity of some important crops is projected to decrease and livestock productivity to decline, with adverse consequences for food security. In temperate zones soybean yields are projected to increase. Overall, the number of people at risk of hunger is projected to increase
• Changes in precipitation patterns and the disappearance of glaciers are projected to significantly affect water availability for human consumption, agriculture and energy generation

Effects of climate change on North America

• Warming in western mountains is projected to cause decreased snowpack, more winter flooding, and reduced summer flows, exacerbating competition for over-allocated water resources

• In the early decades of the century, moderate climate change is projected to increase aggregate yields of rain-fed agriculture by 5-20%, but with important variability among regions. Major challenges are projected for crops that are near the warm end of their suitable range or which depend on highly utilized water resources
• During the course of this century, cities that currently experience heatwaves are expected to be further challenged by an increased number, intensity and duration of heatwaves during the course of the century, with potential for adverse health impacts
• Coastal communities and habitats will be increasingly stressed by climate change impacts interacting with development and pollution

Effects of climate change on Polar Regions

• The main projected biophysical effects are reductions in thickness and extent of glaciers and ice sheets and sea ice, and changes in natural ecosystems with detrimental effects on many organisms including migratory birds, mammals and higher predators
• For human communities in the Arctic, impacts, particularly those resulting from changing snow and ice conditions are projected to be mixed
• Detrimental impacts would include those on infrastructure and traditional indigenous ways of life
• In both polar regions, specific ecosystems and habitats are projected to be vulnerable, as climatic barriers to species invasions are lowered

Effects of climate change on Small Islands

• Sea-level rise is expected to exacerbate inundation, storm surge, erosion and other coastal hazards, thus
  threatening vital infrastructure, settlements and facilities that support the livelihood of island communities
• Deterioration in coastal conditions, for example through erosion of beaches and coral bleaching is expected to affect local resources
• By mid-century, climate change is expected to reduce water resources in many small islands, e.g. in the Caribbean nd Pacific, to the point where they become insufficient to meet demand during low-rainfall periods
• With higher temperatures, increased invasion by non-native species is expected to occur, particularly on mid- and high-latitude islands
• Altered frequencies and intensities of extreme weather, together with sea level rise, are expected to have mostly adverse effects on natural and human systems.

On this site, you can find further information about the cause and effects of global warming , statistics and graphs about emissions of carbon dioxide or current and predicted energy consumptions. You can also find some simulations of the future emissions of carbon dioxide to show how the effects of global warming could be mitigated . The simulation model used can be downloaded as spreadsheet to run your own simulations.

We further provide information about potential solutions and warn from pretended solutions like e.g. nuclear power. The true cause of global warming is our thoughtless attitude to Nature. We seem to have forgotten that we are only part of a larger whole.

The
bottom line is that we all will have to reduce our energy consumption to a level which can be supplied by renewable energies. A sustainable living is the only long-term solution.